Numerical analysis and optimization of boundary layer suction on airfoils

Numerical approach of hybrid laminar flow control(HLFC) is investigated for the suction hole with a width between 0.5 mm and 7 mm. The accuracy of Menter and Langtry’s transition model applied for simulating the flow with boundary layer suction is validated. The experiment data are compared with the computational results. The solutions show that this transition model can predict the transition position with suction control accurately. A well designed laminar airfoil is selected in the present research. For suction control with a single hole, the physical mechanism of suction control, including the impact of suction coefficient and the width and position of the suction hole on control results, is analyzed. The single hole simulation results indicate that it is favorable for transition delay and drag reduction to increase the suction coefficient and set the hole position closer to the trailing edge properly. The modified radial basis function(RBF) neural network and the modified differential evolution algorithm are used to optimize the design for suction control with three holes. The design variables are suction coefficient, hole width, hole position and hole spacing. The optimization target is to obtain the minimum drag coefficient. After optimization,the transition delay can be up to 17% and the aerodynamic drag coefficient can decrease by 12.1%.     

Flow separation control on swept wing with nanosecond pulse driven DBD plasma actuators

A 15° swept wing with dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator is designed.Experimental study of flow separation control with nanosecond pulsed plasma actuation is performed at flow velocity up to 40 m/s. The effects of the actuation frequency and voltage on the aerodynamic performance of the swept wing are evaluated by the balanced force and pressure measurements in the wind tunnel. At last, the performances on separation flow control of the three types of actuators with plane and saw-toothed exposed electrodes are compared. The optimal actuation frequency for the flow separation control on the swept wing is detected, namely the reduced frequency is 0.775, which is different from 2-D airfoil separation control. There exists a threshold voltage for the low swept wing flow control. Before the threshold voltage, as the actuation voltage increases, the control effects become better. The maximum lift is increased by 23.1% with the drag decreased by 22.4% at 14°, compared with the base line. However, the best effects are obtained on actuator with plane exposed electrode in the low-speed experiment and the abilities of saw-toothed actuators are expected to be verified under high-speed conditions.     

An equivalent ground thermal test method for single-phase fluid loop space radiator

Thermal vacuum test is widely used for the ground validation of spacecraft thermal control system. However, the conduction and convection can be simulated in normal ground pressure environment completely. By the employment of pumped fluid loops’ thermal control technology on spacecraft, conduction and convection become the main heat transfer behavior between radiator and inside cabin. As long as the heat transfer behavior between radiator and outer space can be equivalently simulated in normal pressure, the thermal vacuum test can be substituted by the normal ground pressure thermal test. In this paper, an equivalent normal pressure thermal test method for the spacecraft single-phase fluid loop radiator is proposed. The heat radiation between radiator and outer space has been equivalently simulated by combination of a group of refrigerators and thermal electrical cooler(TEC) array. By adjusting the heat rejection of each device, the relationship between heat flux and surface temperature of the radiator can be maintained. To verify this method,a validating system has been built up and the experiments have been carried out. The results indicate that the proposed equivalent ground thermal test method can simulate the heat rejection performance of radiator correctly and the temperature error between in-orbit theory value and experiment result of the radiator is less than 0.5 C, except for the equipment startup period. This provides a potential method for the thermal test of space systems especially for extra-large spacecraft which employs single-phase fluid loop radiator as thermal control approach.     

基于环控物理仿真平台的余度模型设计

在环控物理仿真平台上,基于MATLAB和Vxworks环境,建立了飞机环控系统余度模型。详细论述了环控系统故障模型、机电管理计算机模型。此外,对模型的有效性、可靠性进行了验证。通过试验验证,表明模型结构正确、能够满足环控系统余度功能要求。     

直接侧向力/气动力复合控制影响因素研究

为分析直接侧向力/气动力复合控制中的影响因素对控制效果的影响,给出了复合控制拦截器的典型布局,建立了直接侧向力/气动力复合控制分配模型;采用自适应动态逆方法形成虚拟控制律实现拦截器姿态控制,并进行了仿真验证与分析。仿真结果表明,不同发动机总数、发动机开关机周期和推力大小等因素对最终控制效果有直接的影响,且发动机开关机周期与推力的共同作用对控制效果影响明显。     

基于LQG/LTR的飞翼飞机阵风减缓系统研究

根据我国《运输类飞机适航标准》的要求,采用有理谱逼近的方法建立了Von Karman大气紊流的数值仿真模型;详细推导了多变量系统鲁棒性的衡量方法,给出了开环系统奇异值曲线形状与闭环系统鲁棒性的关系;针对飞翼飞机多操纵面的特点,将控制分配技术与LQG/LTR控制器结合在一起,同时兼顾了对飞机过载和翼根弯矩的减缓。仿真结果表明,所设计的控制系统在对飞机过载减缓的同时,也对机翼的翼根弯矩进行了有效的减缓。     

基于约束预测控制的飞行失控包线保护研究

风切变等大气扰动现象严重威胁飞机起降飞行安全。在受到随机风切变干扰下,离线设计的最优控制器无法保证飞行状态始终处在正常包线内。在大型民机线性变参数模型的基础上,从预防飞行失控的角度研究风切变下飞机进场着陆的预测控制方法。将飞行失控包线量化为状态约束,在此基础上设计在线模型预测控制器。仿真结果表明,利用预测控制的滚动优化策略,可使飞机在进场下滑阶段遭遇风切变时进行良好的下滑道捕获和跟踪,且将飞机状态始终约束在安全包线内。     

可重构零空间控制分配算法及流程规划

针对飞机正常情况和舵面故障情况下的控制分配算法展开研究。根据控制效能矩阵的特点设计了性能指标,并给出了对应的最优逆控制。对带约束的一般控制分配问题,采用零空间横截方法进行了再分配。设计了针对舵面卡死故障的重构控制律。结合某飞机仿真平台,进行了卡死故障的重构仿真,结果表明,控制分配算法能够在故障状态下完成对指令的精确跟踪。     

余度飞行控制计算机的组成架构分析

从余度技术的概念与设计思想入手,介绍了二余度与三余度的飞控计算机组成架构。设计了三余度飞控计算机的硬件体系,并对其组成部分如CPU的选型、总线的确定进行了论述。余度飞控计算机具有很强的容错能力,使得在飞机发生故障时,余度飞控计算机能够快速准确地检测并隔离故障,采取重构策略,确保飞机能够继续执行任务或安全返航。     

一种浮空器压力调节综合控制系统设计

针对现有浮空器压力控制系统设计的不足,结合浮空器的使用环境,提出了一种基于双机冗余热备份、嵌入式CPU、高精度实时数据采集与处理的压力调节控制装置解决方案。首先建立了浮空器的压差数学模型;接着,以该模型为基础,进行压力调节控制系统设计,包括多余度压力控制系统设计、仲裁融合应急处理设计、压力自控设计。最后,采用该种设计的系留气球的空中试验结果表明,该压力系统控制能够根据气球所处不同的工作状态,融合传感网络状态信息,自主选择自控程序入口,较好的对气球气囊压力进行了有效调节与控制,保证了气球的安全。